material/ideational, micro/macro) to emphasize structure’s nature as both medium and outcome. Giddens uses “the duality of structure” (i.e. Structure enters simultaneously into the constitution of the agent and social practices, and ‘exists’ in the generating moments of this constitution. …the essential recursiveness of social life, as constituted in social practices: structure is both medium and outcome of reproduction of practices. Thus, Giddens conceives of the duality of structure as being: Structure is the result of these social practices. However, structure and agency are mutually influential. Mental models are the vehicle through which guide everyday social action. :17 Agents-groups or individuals-draw upon these structures to perform social actions through embedded memory, called mental models. These properties make it possible for similar social practices to exist across time and space and that lend them “systemic” form. Structurerefers generally to “rules and resources” and more specifically to “the structuring properties allowing the ‘binding’ of time-space in social systems”. Structuration proposes that structures (i.e., norms, rules, roles) interaction with agency (i.e., free will) to reproduce in groups, teams, and organizations. The theory of structuration is a social theory of the creation and reproduction of social systems that is based in the analysis of both structure and agents (see structure and agency), without giving primacy to either.
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